Authors:

Riccardo SOLAZZO 1, Annalisa CAPPELLA 2,3, Claudia BRUNETTI 3, Daniele GIBELLI 1, Claudia DOLCI 1, Chiarella SFORZA 1

1 LAFAS, Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;
2 U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy;
3 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15221/24.26

Full paper:

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Keywords:

Stereophotogrammetry, Laser Scanning, Volume, Nose, Methodology

Abstract:

Three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging technologies for the anthropometric study of superficial soft tissues are widely used nowadays, particularly stereophotogrammetry and laser scanning. Different instruments have been validated for the assessment of linear measurements, angles, and surfaces, proving to be interchangeable. However, despite the growing interest in the volumetric calculation of craniofacial structures, no studies have evaluated the agreement in calculating the volume of 3D models of external facial structures obtained with instruments based on diverse technologies.
This preliminary study compared the volumetric measurements of external nasal casts scanned with optical systems based on stereophotogrammetry and laser scanning to verify their interchangeability in volume assessment. Specifically, 23 nasal casts were scanned with the Vectra M3 (Canfield Scientific Inc, Parsippany, NJ) and the Dental Wings 3Series (Dental Wings Inc, Montreal, Canada). The volume was calculated for the right and left nasal side on each 3D model using the Vectra Analysis Module (VAM, version 7.4.6). The protocol entails the digitization of specific anthropometric landmarks (median: nasion, pronasale, subnasale; paired: subalare, alar curvature, endocanthion) that are also used to select the surface of the nasal side for which the volume has to be calculated. The selected surface is then projected onto a virtual plane passing through the median landmarks to obtain a closed structure for which the volume is automatically calculated by the software. The protocol was applied to all nasal casts, resulting in a total of 92 volumetric measurements. The intra- and inter-operator reliability was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The agreement between the volumetric measurements calculated on the 3D nasal casts acquired with the two devices was verified by Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and Passing-Bablok regression.
The ICCs for intra- and inter-operator repeatability proved to be "excellent" (ICCIntra = 0.98; ICCInter = 0.94). The results of Lin's CCC and Passing-Bablok regression confirmed the interchangeability of the two systems in the volumetric calculation. The Lin's CCC value was g = 0.99 with the lower border of 95% CI equals to 0.98, interpretable as "substantial agreement". The Passing-Bablok regression equation was: y = 1.00x - 0.04 where the 95% CI for the slope (95% Cl: 0.96 - 1.06) and the intercept (95% Cl: - 0.65 - 0.44) respectively included 1 and 0, allowing to state that no significant differences between the volumes of nose scanned with the two instruments exist.
In conclusion, nasal volumes can be reliably and interchangeably evaluated in 3D models acquired with different optical surface devices, as previously described for linear measurements, angles, and areas.
This opens the possibility to interchangeably use different instruments for the volumetric characterization of the external nose. Further studies should evaluate volumes of external facial structures in living subjects and focus on verifying the agreement between different protocols of data collection and analysis.

How to Cite (MLA):

Solazzo, Riccardo et al., "Volume Measurements of the External Nose for Anthropometric Purposes: A Comparison between Stereophotogrammetry and Laser Scanner", 3DBODY.TECH Journal, vol. 1, Oct. 2024, #26, https://doi.org/10.15221/24.26.

Presentation:

VIDEO availble in proceedings

Details:

Volume/Issue: 3DBODY.TECH Journal - Vol. 1, 2024
Paper: #26
Published: 2024/10/30
Presented at: 3DBODY.TECH 2024, 22-23 Oct. 2024, Lugano, Switzerland
Proceedings: 3DBODY.TECH 2024 Proceedings

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Copyright © 2024 by the author(s).
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